7. Risk Assessment Climate change is driven by GHG emissions and results in more extreme and frequent weather events that can have widespread impacts on people and the environment. These impacts threaten food security, water availability, biodiversity, infrastructure, and human health, particularly in vulnerable communities. If left unmitigated, climate change could lead to widespread economic losses, ecosystem collapse, and irreversible damage to the planet. The Project is located in Central Queensland, and key climate change risks for this region are:
Higher temperatures;
• • • • • •
Hotter and more frequent hot days;
Variable rainfall; Rising seal level;
More frequent sea-level extremes; Warmer and more acidic ocean; and
• Increased evapotranspiration (Queensland Climate Action Plan, 2024).
Australia has national inventory reporting obligations under both the UNFCCC and the PA, which it fulfills by publishing Australia’s National Inventory Report . The report provides estimates of Australia’s net greenhouse gas emissions at national and state levels. The impact of the Project on national and state emissions was considered for the Project’s maximum annual emissions, in 2028, of 11,614 tonnes of CO 2 -e. The contribution of the Project’s annual emissions to the annual GHG emissions inventory of Australia is 0.003% and to the inventory of Queensland is 0.009%, as shown in Table 13. Therefore, the contribution the GHG emissions generated from the Project are determined to be a minor contributor to state and national emissions.
Table 13. Maximum annual contribution of Project to national and state GHG emissions inventories.
GHG Emissions Mt CO 2 -e
Maximum Annual Project Emissions 3 (% of Emissions)
Scale
Period
Australia 1
Year to March 2025
440.2 124.1
0.003% 0.009%
Queensland 2
2022
Sources: 1 Quarterly Update of Australia’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory: March 2025 (DCCEEW, 2024) 2 National Inventory Report 2023, Volume I (DCCEEW, 2025) 3 Scope 1 and 2 Emissions for Project in 2028
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